Some recent advances in the application of the principle of maximum entropy (POME) in hydrology

نویسنده

  • VIJAY P. SINGH
چکیده

The principle of maximum entropy (POME) developed in communication and information sciences has recently been found to have wide ranging applications in hydrology and water resources. This paper surveys some of these applications with particular reference to (1) derivation of frequency distributions, (2) parameter estimation, (3) evaluation of data acquisition systems, (4) derivation of functional relationships, and (5) assessment of uncertainty. It is shown that POME offers a unified approach to derivation of a number of frequency distributions used for hydrological analyses. Because hydrological characteristics can be incorporated in the distributions, the approach can be applied to areas having limited data. This approach also yields a simple but useful method of parameter estimation, which is as good as the method of maximum likelihood estimation. Since POME can be applied to derive functional relationships between two or more variables, it has an advantage of performing multivariate stochastic analysis. Entropy measures the uncertainty of a mathematical model of the hydrological system, and is thus applicable to choosing between models and to designing hydrological networks for data collection. Quelques résultats de recherche récente dans l'application du principe d'entropie maximale (POME) en hydrologie RESUME Le principe d'entropie maximale (POME) mis au point dans les sciences de l'information et de la communication s'est avéré récemment utilisable pour un large domaine d'application en hydrologie et pour l'évaluation des ressources en eau. Cet article présente quelques unes de ses applications qui concernent particulièrement: (1) la détermination des distributions des fréquences; (2) l'estimation des paramètres; (3) l'appréciation de la valeur des systèmes d'acquisition des données; (4) la mise au point des relations fonctionnelles; (5) l'évaluation de l'incertitude. On montre que POME offre une approche uniforme pour la détermination d'un certain nombre de 353 354 Vijay P.Singh & A.K.Rajagopal distributions de fréquences utilisées dans des analyses hydrologiques. Comme les caractéristiques hydrologiques peuvent être intégrées dans les distributions, cette approche peut être utilisée dans des domaines à banques de données limitées. Une telle approche donne également une méthode simple mais efficace pour l'estimation des paramètres qui est aussi fiable que la méthode d'estimation considérant la probabilité maximale d'occurrence. Comme le POME peut être utilisé pour déterminer les relations fonctionnelles entre deux ou plusieurs variables, il présente l'avantage de permettre une analyse stochastique multi-variables. L'entropie mesure l'incertitude du modèle mathématique de système hydrologique. Elle est par conséquent appliquable pour le choix entre divers modèles et pour la planification de réseaux hydrologiques pour l'acquisition des données.

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تاریخ انتشار 2007